Introduction
In Maharashtra, the word “Wada” refers to the large residential mansions of Maratha nobility, Peshwas, sardars, and wealthy families. These were not just homes, but centers of power, culture, and administration during the Maratha period (17th–19th centuries). Built with stone, brick, and intricately carved wood, Wadas were known for their spacious courtyards, pillared halls, ornate balconies, and richly decorated facades.
While many Wadas have fallen into ruin or been replaced by modern structures, the surviving examples remain living testaments to Maratha architecture, lifestyle, and social organization. They are among Maharashtra’s most significant heritage mansions, much like the havelis of Rajasthan or rajbaris of Bengal.
List of Prominent Wadas of Maharashtra
Pune – The Seat of the Peshwas
- Shaniwar Wada (Pune) – Built in 1732 by Bajirao I, this was the grand seat of the Peshwas. Though destroyed by fire in 1828, its fortified walls, gateways, and gardens still reflect its magnificence.
- Vishrambaug Wada (Pune) – Constructed in 1811 by Peshwa Bajirao II; known for its elaborate wooden carvings, courtyards, and balconies.
- Raste Wada (Pune) – Built by Sardar Raste, a noble under the Peshwas; an elegant residence with multiple courtyards.
- Nana Wada (Pune) – Constructed by Nana Phadnavis, a statesman of the Peshwas; served as both residence and political office.
- Mastani Mahal (originally part of a Wada, Pune) – Built for Mastani, consort of Bajirao I, later dismantled and relocated to Pune’s Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum.
Other Regions of Maharashtra
- Menavali Wada (Satara District) – Built by Nana Phadnavis at Menavali village; includes ghats, temples, and his residence, preserved as heritage.
- Junjarkar Wada (Satara District) – Aristocratic mansion of the Junjarkar family.
- Talegaon Dabhade Wada (near Pune) – Residence of the Dabhade family, Maratha nobles and commanders.
- Nagpur Wadas (Vidarbha Region) – Several Wadas built by the Bhonsle rulers; many in ruins, but traces of their architecture survive.
- Ichalkaranji Wada (Kolhapur Region) – Mansion of the Ghorpade rulers, reflecting Maratha-era residential style.
- Baramati Wadas (Pune District) – Linked to influential Maratha families, still part of local heritage.
Architectural Features of Wadas
- Chowks (Courtyards): Central open spaces surrounded by rooms, for ventilation and social gatherings.
- Diwankhana (Audience Hall): Pillared halls where nobles met guests and officials.
- Woodwork: Exquisite carvings on balconies, doorways, and pillars.
- Fortified Gates: Many Wadas, like Shaniwar Wada, had defensive walls and gateways, reflecting the political instability of the times.
- Multiple Storeys: Some Wadas were multi-storied, with separate sections for men (mardana) and women (zanana).
Closing Note
The Wadas of Maharashtra are not merely mansions—they are symbols of the Maratha way of life. From the grandeur of Shaniwar Wada to the elegance of Vishrambaug Wada, these structures narrate stories of politics, romance, art, and heritage. Preserving and showcasing them is vital for understanding the social fabric of the Maratha empire and its legacy in modern Maharashtra.