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Introduction to Shri Varadaraja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram
Nestled in the sacred town of Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu, the Shri Varadaraja Perumal Temple—also known as Perarulalan Temple—stands as one of the most revered Divya Desams, or 108 sacred abodes of Lord Vishnu, praised in the Tamil hymns of the Alwars. Dedicated to Lord Varadaraja Perumal, a benevolent form of Lord Vishnu, this ancient temple is not only a major pilgrimage destination for Vaishnavites but also a magnificent specimen of Dravidian temple architecture, spiritual legacy, and cultural richness.
The temple is located in Vishnu Kanchi, the part of Kanchipuram known for its Vishnu temples, and is considered one of the Pancha Kanchi Kshetrams. It holds immense significance in Sri Vaishnavism, especially for followers of Ramanujacharya, the great theologian and proponent of Vishishtadvaita philosophy, who is believed to have been closely associated with the temple.
Historical Legacy
Believed to have been originally built by the Cholas in the 11th century CE and later expanded by the Vijayanagara kings, especially during the reign of Krishnadevaraya, the temple complex spans a massive area and showcases intricate sculptures, towering gopurams (gateway towers), and elaborately carved pillars. Several dynasties including the Pallavas, Cholas, and Vijayanagara rulers have contributed to the temple’s expansion, making it a living chronicle of South Indian temple-building traditions.
One of the most iconic aspects of the temple is the ‘Atthi Varadar’ festival, during which the rare wooden idol of Lord Varadaraja made from the sacred Atthi tree (fig tree) is taken out from the temple tank and worshipped once every 40 years for a period of 48 days. This tradition draws lakhs of devotees from across the country and even abroad, underscoring the deep devotion the deity inspires.
Architectural Grandeur
The temple complex is a masterpiece of traditional Tamil temple architecture. It features:
- A 100-pillared mandapam (hall) that is a sculptural marvel, showcasing artistic brilliance in stone.
- A seven-tiered rajagopuram (main gateway tower) rising majestically at the entrance.
- The gold-covered vimana (sanctum tower) above the sanctum sanctorum.
- Intricate carvings and stone reliefs depicting episodes from the epics and Puranas.
- Several mandapams (halls), shrines, and tanks, each with its own spiritual and architectural significance.
The main deity, Lord Varadaraja Perumal, is enshrined in a majestic standing posture, flanked by consorts Sri Devi and Bhoo Devi, exuding grace and divine majesty. The temple also houses shrines for Perundevi Thayar (the consort goddess), Ramanuja, Vedanta Desika, and Alwars.
Spiritual and Cultural Importance
The temple has been sung in the Divya Prabandham, the collection of 4,000 Tamil verses composed by the Alwar saints, especially by Thirumangai Alwar, Periyalwar, and Nammazhwar, highlighting its profound spiritual significance. It is said that worshipping Lord Varadaraja here grants moksha (liberation), and the Lord is believed to fulfill the sincere prayers of devotees with compassion and grace.
Kanchipuram itself is one of the seven moksha-puris (cities that grant liberation), and the presence of the Varadaraja Perumal Temple enhances its sanctity manifold. The temple continues to serve as a center for Vedic learning, ritual practices, and festivals like Brahmotsavam, attracting thousands of devotees annually.
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How to Reach Kanchi Varadaraja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram
By Road:
Kanchipuram is well connected by road to major cities in Tamil Nadu. It is about 75 km from Chennai. Frequent buses run from Chennai (CMBT and other terminals) to Kanchipuram. From Kanchipuram bus stand, the Varadaraja Perumal Temple is around 2–3 km, easily reachable by auto-rickshaw or local bus.
By Train:
The nearest railway station is Kanchipuram Railway Station, which has regular train services from Chennai and nearby towns. From the station, the temple is roughly 3 km away and can be reached by auto-rickshaw or taxi.
By Air:
The nearest airport is Chennai International Airport, about 75 km away. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or take a bus/train to Kanchipuram and then proceed to the temple.
Local Transport:
Auto-rickshaws, cycle rickshaws, and local buses are readily available within Kanchipuram, making it convenient to reach the temple from any part of the town.
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Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Kanchi Varadaraja Perumal Temple is from October to March, when the weather is pleasant and comfortable for temple दर्शन and sightseeing. During these months, temperatures are moderate, making it ideal for walking around the temple complex.
Festival Season:
Visiting during major festivals like Brahmotsavam (usually May–June) offers a vibrant spiritual experience with grand processions and special rituals, though the weather can be hot and the temple crowded.
Avoid Peak Summer:
The summer months from April to June can be quite hot and humid, which may be uncomfortable for long visits.
Monsoon Period:
The monsoon season (July to September) brings occasional rains but also a calm atmosphere with fewer crowds, which some visitors may find appealing.
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Festival Highlights of Varadaraja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram
The Varadaraja Perumal Temple is renowned not only for its Divya Desam status but also for its grand and spiritually significant festivals that attract devotees from across India.
- Brahmotsavam (Vaikasi – May/June)
This is the temple’s most important annual festival, celebrated over ten days with elaborate rituals. The highlight is the Garuda Sevai, where Lord Varadaraja is taken in a majestic procession on Garuda Vahanam, accompanied by Vedic chants, music, and a sea of devotees. - Athivaradar Festival (once every 40 years)
A uniquely sacred event, the Athivaradar idol—kept submerged in the Ananthasaras temple tank—is brought out for darshan for 48 days. This rare festival draws millions of pilgrims, making it one of the largest religious gatherings in Tamil Nadu. - Vaikunta Ekadasi (Margazhi – Dec/Jan)
Celebrated with great devotion, the opening of the Vaikunta Dwaram (gateway to salvation) is the key ritual. Devotees believe that passing through this gate on this auspicious day brings spiritual liberation. - Pavitrotsavam
This purification festival is performed to atone for any lapses in temple rituals during the year, reinforcing the sanctity of worship practices. - Float Festival (Theppotsavam)
Held in the temple tank, the beautifully decorated idols are taken on a float, creating a serene and visually captivating spiritual experience.
Together, these festivals showcase the temple’s rich Vaishnavite traditions, living rituals, and deep cultural heritage, making Varadaraja Perumal Temple a vibrant center of devotion throughout the year.
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Things to Do in the Temple
- Seek Darshan of Lord Varadaraja Perumal
Offer prayers to the presiding deity, one of the Divya Desams, and experience the serene spiritual atmosphere. - Visit the Sacred Pushkarini (Anantha Saras)
Take a moment near the temple tank, which is believed to have divine significance. - Witness Daily Rituals and Poojas
Attend morning and evening poojas to observe traditional Vaishnavite temple rituals. - Explore Temple Architecture
Admire the beautifully carved pillars, ancient inscriptions, and Dravidian-style gopurams that reflect rich South Indian heritage. - Offer Special Prayers
Devotees often offer prayers for prosperity, education, and family well-being. - Participate in Festivals
If visiting during festival times, watch grand processions and special events that bring the temple to life. - Spend Time in Meditation
Sit quietly within the temple premises to meditate and absorb the peaceful, devotional environment.
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Things to Do in Kanchipuram
- Visit the Famous Temples
Explore Kanchipuram’s renowned temples such as Varadaraja Perumal Temple, Ekambareswarar Temple, and Kamakshi Amman Temple, each known for spiritual importance and magnificent Dravidian architecture. - Shop for Kanchipuram Silk Sarees
Kanchipuram is world-famous for its handwoven silk sarees. Visit local silk weaving centers and shops to see traditional craftsmanship and purchase authentic sarees. - Explore Ancient Architecture
Walk around the town to admire centuries-old gopurams, stone carvings, temple corridors, and inscriptions that reflect Pallava-era heritage. - Attend Temple Festivals
If your visit coincides with festivals, enjoy colorful processions, classical music, rituals, and cultural celebrations that showcase local traditions. - Taste Local South Indian Cuisine
Try traditional vegetarian meals, temple prasadam, idli, dosa, and filter coffee at local eateries. - Learn About History and Culture
Visit small museums, mutts, and heritage sites to understand Kanchipuram’s role as one of the seven sacred cities (Sapta Puri) of Hinduism. - Take a Leisure Walk Around Temple Streets
Stroll through bustling streets lined with flower sellers, brassware shops, and devotional items for an authentic local experience.
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