Introduction
Unakoti, located in the lush forests of Tripura, is one of India’s most remarkable archaeological and pilgrimage sites. Known as the “Angkor Wat of the Northeast,” this site is famous for its massive rock-cut sculptures and bas-reliefs carved into the hillside. The name Unakoti means “one less than a crore,” and according to legend, it houses 99,99,999 images of Lord Shiva and other deities. This blend of mythology, spirituality, and artistry makes Unakoti a site of both religious devotion and archaeological wonder.
Mythological Significance
Unakoti is steeped in folklore connected with Lord Shiva. One popular legend narrates that Lord Shiva was traveling to Kashi with countless deities and stopped here overnight. He instructed all to wake up before dawn, but when none did, he set off alone, leaving behind all the others who turned into stone images. Thus, the site became a mystical abode of gods turned into rock carvings, forever frozen in time.
Artistic Grandeur
The highlight of Unakoti is the colossal 30-foot-high sculpture of Lord Shiva, known as Unakotiswara Kal Bhairava. Surrounding it are intricately carved faces, figures of Ganesha, Durga on her lion, and numerous celestial beings. These gigantic rock panels, carved between the 7th–9th centuries CE, exhibit a fusion of tribal, Buddhist, and Hindu artistic influences. The site’s natural setting, with waterfalls and dense greenery, enhances the spiritual aura of these carvings.
Religious and Cultural Importance
Unakoti is not only a marvel of ancient rock-cut art but also an important Shaivite pilgrimage site. Devotees gather here for the grand Ashokastami Mela, celebrated annually in April, when thousands of pilgrims from Tripura and neighboring regions assemble to worship the deities carved into the rocks. The event transforms the quiet forested hills into a vibrant cultural and religious hub.
Archaeological Value
From an archaeological perspective, Unakoti stands as evidence of a unique sculptural tradition that flourished in northeastern India. The scale of the carvings and their distinctive iconography mark it as one of the greatest outdoor rock-cut sites in the country. Protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Unakoti is a strong candidate for UNESCO World Heritage recognition in the future.
How to Reach
- By Air: The nearest airport is Agartala Maharaja Bir Bikram Airport (IXA), about 178 km from Unakoti. From Agartala, one can hire taxis or take state buses to Kailashahar, the closest town to the site.
- By Train: The nearest railway station is Dharmanagar Railway Station, around 20 km away, well-connected to Agartala and major towns of Tripura. From Dharmanagar, local taxis or shared jeeps are available.
- By Road: Unakoti is accessible by road through Kailashahar (8 km away). State-run buses, auto-rickshaws, and private vehicles connect Kailashahar to Dharmanagar, Agartala, and other parts of Tripura.
Best Time to Visit
- Winter (November–March): The most pleasant time to visit, with cool weather and clear skies, making it ideal for exploring the forested site and enjoying the carvings.
- Ashokastami Festival (April): This annual fair is the most vibrant time to experience Unakoti, when thousands of devotees gather to offer prayers, adding a spiritual and festive aura to the site.
- Monsoon (June–September): The carvings and waterfalls look spectacular amid lush greenery, but heavy rains may make the paths slippery and travel less convenient.
Nearby Attractions
- Kailashahar: The nearest town to Unakoti, known for its serene landscapes, temples, and tea gardens.
- Jampui Hills (60 km): Famous for orange orchards, breathtaking sunrise and sunset views, and its cool climate.
- Raghunandan Hill: Scenic hill range near Unakoti offering trekking and views of lush surroundings.
- Dharmanagar (20 km): A bustling town with local markets and as a base point for trips to Jampui Hills and Unakoti.
- Tripura Sundari Temple (Udaipur, 150 km): One of the 51 Shakti Peethas, dedicated to Goddess Kali, and among the most revered temples in the state.