Overview of Karva Chauth
Karva Chauth is a significant Hindu festival celebrated predominantly in North Indian states like Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi. It is observed by married women who fast from sunrise to moonrise, praying for the well-being, longevity, and prosperity of their husbands. The word “Karva” means earthen pot used during the rituals, and “Chauth” means the fourth—indicating that the festival falls on the fourth day after the full moon (Purnima) in the Hindu lunar month of Kartik (October–November). Over time, it has evolved from a ritualistic practice into a cultural celebration of love and commitment.
Rituals and Observances
The day begins before sunrise with a pre-dawn meal called Sargi, usually prepared by the mother-in-law and given to the daughter-in-law. After this, women observe a strict fast, abstaining from both food and water throughout the day. During the afternoon, women gather in groups dressed in vibrant traditional attire—often bridal sarees or lehengas—and listen to the Karva Chauth Katha, a narrative that recounts the origin and significance of the fast. In the evening, they prepare a puja thali and await the moonrise.
Moonrise and Breaking the Fast
The climax of the festival occurs at night when the moon rises. Women view the moon through a sieve or cloth and offer arghya (water) to it, praying for their husband’s well-being. They then turn to their husbands, look at them through the same sieve, and break the fast after receiving water and the first bite of food from them. This emotional ritual strengthens the marital bond and is often followed by feasting and family celebration.
Cultural and Emotional Significance
Karva Chauth is not only a religious occasion but also a celebration of love, loyalty, and togetherness. It reinforces the sanctity of marriage and highlights the deep emotional connection between husband and wife. In recent years, it has also seen modern interpretations, with many husbands joining their wives in the fast, and unmarried women observing it in the hope of securing a loving life partner. Social gatherings, gift exchanges, and beautification rituals add a festive charm to the observance.