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Introduction
Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib stands as a solemn symbol of faith, sacrifice, and resilience in the Sikh tradition. Located in the historic town of Fatehgarh Sahib in Punjab, about 5 kilometers from Sirhind and approximately 40 kilometers from Chandigarh, this revered Gurudwara commemorates one of the most poignant chapters in Sikh history — the martyrdom of the younger sons (Sahibzadas) of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Sikh Guru.
This sacred site derives its name from Baba Fateh Singh, the youngest son of Guru Gobind Singh, and is a central pilgrimage destination for Sikhs across the globe. The word “Fatehgarh” means “the fort of victory,” symbolizing not a military triumph, but the spiritual and moral victory of innocence and unshakable faith in the face of tyranny and oppression.
Historical Significance
Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib marks the location where the two younger Sahibzadas — Baba Zorawar Singh (aged 9) and Baba Fateh Singh (aged 7) — were bricked alive by the orders of the Mughal governor of Sirhind, Wazir Khan, in December 1705. Their only “crime” was refusing to renounce their Sikh faith and convert to Islam. Their grandmother, Mata Gujri Ji, who accompanied them in captivity, also passed away in the cold tower (Thanda Burj) nearby upon hearing of their fate.
This martyrdom has become a cornerstone of Sikh identity, reflecting the principles of unwavering commitment to righteousness, courage in the face of adversity, and devotion to one’s beliefs — even unto death.
Architecture and Layout
The present-day Gurudwara complex is a serene and beautifully designed white marble structure surrounded by lush gardens, a large Sarovar (sacred pool), and several important subsidiary shrines. Key components of the complex include:
- Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib (main sanctum): Built at the site where the young Sahibzadas were martyred. The inner sanctum houses the Guru Granth Sahib and attracts thousands of devotees daily.
- Gurudwara Jyoti Sarup: This shrine marks the cremation ground of the Sahibzadas and Mata Gujri Ji. Eternal lamps (jyotis) symbolizing their sacrifice are kept here.
- Bhora Sahib: A basement chamber located beneath the main Gurudwara, believed to be the exact spot where the children were confined before being executed.
- Thanda Burj: A small tower where Mata Gujri Ji and her grandsons were imprisoned in the cold winter months before their execution.
The architecture harmoniously blends traditional Sikh design elements with Mughal-era influences, marked by domes, intricately carved marble, and spiritual symbolism.
Annual Commemoration – Shaheedi Jor Mela
Every year in December, Shaheedi Jor Mela, a major religious gathering, is held to commemorate the martyrdom of the Sahibzadas. Thousands of devotees from all corners of Punjab, India, and abroad gather to pay their respects. The three-day event includes kirtans (devotional music), religious discourses, Nagar Kirtans (holy processions), and exhibitions that highlight Sikh history and values.
Cultural and Spiritual Importance
Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib is not merely a monument to the past — it is a living testimony to Sikh ideals of valor, sacrifice, and steadfastness. It instills in visitors a deep sense of reverence and pride, and it serves as a vital center for religious learning, cultural preservation, and community service (seva).
Visiting this sacred place leaves an indelible impression on the hearts of devotees and reminds the world of the price paid for religious freedom and the protection of human dignity.