Introduction
Folk theatre in India is a rich and dynamic storytelling tradition that combines music, dance, drama, and humor to narrate mythological tales, historical events, and social themes. Unlike classical theatre, which follows structured scripts and formal training, folk theatre is spontaneous, interactive, and deeply rooted in regional cultures. It serves as both entertainment and a medium for social and moral messages, making it an important part of India’s cultural landscape.
Every region in India has its own distinct folk theatre form, shaped by local dialects, traditions, and storytelling techniques. The Nautanki of North India, known for its musical dialogues, and the Bhavai of Gujarat, which blends satire with mythology, are prime examples of the dramatic vibrancy of folk theatre. In Maharashtra, Tamasha captivates audiences with its energetic dance and humor, while Jatra in Bengal and Odisha brings epic tales to life with elaborate performances. Yakshagana from Karnataka and Therukoothu from Tamil Nadu are colorful, music-rich theatrical forms that depict stories from Hindu epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Meanwhile, Bhaona of Assam and Maach of Madhya Pradesh showcase how theatre is woven into the spiritual and social fabric of different communities.
These folk theatre forms continue to thrive, adapting to modern themes while retaining their traditional essence. As an oral tradition passed down through generations, folk theatre remains a vital medium of cultural expression, community bonding, and storytelling, ensuring that India’s rich heritage is kept alive for future generations.