Introduction
Bastar Dussehra, a unique and grand celebration, stands out as one of the most fascinating festivals in India. Unlike the typical Dussehra festivities that commemorate Lord Rama’s victory over Ravana, Bastar Dussehra is dedicated to the worship of the local deity, Danteshwari Mai. The epicenter of this extraordinary festival is Jagdalpur, a city in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh, where the majority of the celebrations take place. Jagdalpur transforms into a vibrant hub of activity, attracting thousands of devotees and tourists who come to witness this cultural extravaganza.
Historical Significance
Bastar Dussehra has a history that spans over 75 days, making it one of the longest festivals in the world. The origins of this festival can be traced back to the 15th century during the reign of King Purushottam Dev, who initiated the celebration in honor of Danteshwari Mai, the presiding deity of the Bastar region. Over the centuries, the festival has evolved, incorporating various tribal customs and traditions, yet retaining its core essence of devotion and community spirit.
The Festivities
The Bastar Dussehra festival is marked by a series of elaborate rituals, vibrant processions, and cultural programs. Jagdalpur, the heart of these celebrations, becomes a lively and colorful city, drawing people from all over India and beyond. The main events of Bastar Dussehra include:
1. Kachan Gadi and Jogi Bithai
The festival begins with the Kachan Gadi ceremony, where a young girl representing the deity Danteshwari is seated on a throne made of wood. This is followed by the Jogi Bithai ritual, where a jogi (priest) sits in penance for nine days, seeking divine blessings for a prosperous festival.
2. Kaachan Jatra and Deri Gadhai
During the Kaachan Jatra, the local tribes gather to collect sacred wood from the forests, which is then used to construct the ceremonial chariots. The Deri Gadhai ritual involves the installation of the sacred poles, symbolizing the beginning of the festival.
3. Murias Darbar
One of the highlights of Bastar Dussehra is the Murias Darbar, a grand assembly of tribal chieftains and dignitaries. This event showcases the rich tribal heritage of Bastar and includes traditional dance performances, music, and cultural displays.
4. Rath Yatra (Chariot Procession)
The Rath Yatra is the most spectacular event of Bastar Dussehra. Two massive chariots, adorned with intricate carvings and decorations, are pulled through the streets of Jagdalpur by hundreds of devotees. The smaller chariot, known as the Phool Rath, and the larger chariot, called the Jyoti Rath, carry the idols of the deities and are the centerpieces of the procession. The sight of these majestic chariots, accompanied by drummers, dancers, and devotees, is truly mesmerizing.
5. Mavli Parghav
This ritual involves welcoming the Mavli deity from her temple in Dantewada to Jagdalpur. The deity is carried in a grand procession, accompanied by traditional music and dance, and is a testament to the deep-rooted faith and reverence of the people.
6. Rituals and Offerings
Throughout the festival, various rituals and offerings are made to appease the deities. These include animal sacrifices, which hold significant cultural and religious importance for the tribes of Bastar.
Cultural Programs
Bastar Dussehra is not just a religious event but a grand cultural celebration. The city of Jagdalpur hosts numerous cultural programs, including traditional dance performances, music concerts, and theatrical plays that depict the rich folklore and legends of the region. The local tribes, adorned in their traditional attire, perform dances such as the Gaur dance, Dandari dance, and Kaksar dance, showcasing their vibrant culture and heritage.
The Bustling Bazaar
The festival also features a bustling marketplace, where local artisans and craftsmen display their exquisite creations. Visitors can explore a wide range of handicrafts, including bell metal art, bamboo crafts, and intricate beadwork, providing a perfect opportunity to purchase unique souvenirs and support local artisans.
The Divine Atmosphere
The entire city of Jagdalpur is enveloped in a divine and festive atmosphere during Bastar Dussehra. The streets are decorated with colorful lights and banners, and the air is filled with the sounds of traditional music and chants. The sense of community, devotion, and cultural pride is palpable, making it a truly immersive experience for anyone who visits.
Conclusion
Bastar Dussehra in Jagdalpur is a magnificent celebration that goes beyond the conventional festivities associated with Dussehra. It is a festival that deeply resonates with the tribal traditions and cultural heritage of Bastar, offering a unique and enriching experience. For those seeking to explore the cultural depths of India, a visit to Jagdalpur during Bastar Dussehra is a must. It is an opportunity to witness the extraordinary blend of devotion, tradition, and community spirit that defines this remarkable festival.
