The Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple, located in the Kottayam district of Kerala, is not only a significant religious site but also a treasure trove of traditional Kerala art. Among the many artistic marvels housed within this temple, the murals stand out as exceptional representations of Kerala’s rich artistic heritage. The most renowned of these is often referred to as the “Crown Jewel” of Kerala murals, a masterpiece that draws art enthusiasts, historians, and devotees alike to this sacred space.
Historical Background of Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple
The Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, known here as Mahadeva. The temple’s origins trace back over 2,000 years, making it one of the oldest temples in Kerala. It is believed that the temple was constructed during the 16th century by the legendary architect Perunthachan, who was also known for his mastery in temple architecture and art. The temple is a perfect example of Kerala’s traditional architecture, featuring a conical roof, intricate wooden carvings, and copper plates adorning the sanctum sanctorum.
The temple’s murals were painted during the same period when the temple was constructed, and they have been meticulously preserved over the centuries. These murals are an integral part of the temple’s artistic heritage and continue to captivate visitors with their vibrant colors, intricate designs, and deep spiritual symbolism.
The Mural Masterpiece: The Crown Jewel
Among the many murals adorning the walls of the Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple, one mural stands out as the most exquisite—the mural depicting the dance of Lord Shiva, known as the “Ananda Tandava.” This mural, often referred to as the “Crown Jewel” of Kerala murals, is located on the inner walls of the temple and is considered one of the finest examples of Dravidian mural art.
The Ananda Tandava mural is a stunning depiction of Lord Shiva in his cosmic dance form, symbolizing the creation, preservation, and destruction of the universe. The mural portrays Shiva with multiple arms, each holding a different symbolic object, and his face radiates an expression of divine ecstasy. The intricate details of the mural, from the flowing locks of Shiva’s hair to the rhythmic movement of his limbs, are rendered with incredible precision and artistry.
The colors used in the mural are derived from natural sources, including vegetable dyes and minerals, which have withstood the test of time. The mural’s vibrant hues of red, green, blue, and gold, along with the delicate shading and fine lines, create a sense of depth and movement that is truly mesmerizing. The mural’s composition is balanced and harmonious, with every element contributing to the overall narrative of Shiva’s dance.
Symbolism and Spiritual Significance
The Ananda Tandava mural is rich in symbolism, reflecting the profound spiritual concepts of Hinduism. Lord Shiva’s dance represents the cyclical nature of the cosmos, where creation and destruction are seen as two sides of the same coin. The flames encircling Shiva signify the destruction of ignorance, while the drum (damaru) in his hand symbolizes the primordial sound of creation.
The serpent coiled around Shiva’s neck represents the Kundalini energy, which lies dormant at the base of the spine and, when awakened, leads to spiritual enlightenment. The raised foot of Shiva signifies liberation, while the foot placed on the demon Apasmara symbolizes the victory over ignorance and ego.
The mural’s spiritual significance is further enhanced by the setting of the temple itself. The Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple is a place where devotees come to seek blessings and spiritual solace. The presence of this magnificent mural adds to the temple’s aura of sanctity, reminding visitors of the eternal dance of the divine that sustains the universe.
Artistic Techniques and Preservation
The artists who created the murals at Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple were masters of their craft, employing techniques that have been passed down through generations. The mural was painted using the traditional fresco-secco method, where pigments mixed with lime are applied to dry plaster. This technique allows the colors to penetrate the surface, creating a durable and long-lasting work of art.
Over the centuries, the mural has been carefully preserved by the temple authorities and art conservationists. Efforts have been made to protect the mural from environmental damage and the wear and tear of time. The mural’s preservation is a testament to the reverence with which it is regarded, not only as a religious artifact but also as a cultural treasure.
The Mural’s Influence on Kerala Art
The Ananda Tandava mural at Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple has had a lasting influence on the art of Kerala. It is considered a benchmark for excellence in mural painting, inspiring generations of artists who have sought to emulate its style and technique. The mural’s depiction of divine themes, combined with its artistic brilliance, has made it a source of inspiration for religious art across the state.
Kerala’s mural tradition continues to thrive, with many temples, palaces, and churches adorned with murals that draw on the rich heritage of the past. However, the mural at Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple remains unparalleled in its beauty and significance, earning its place as the “Crown Jewel” of Kerala murals.
Visiting Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple
For those interested in experiencing this masterpiece firsthand, a visit to the Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple is a must. The temple is located about 12 kilometers from Kottayam and is easily accessible by road. Visitors are encouraged to observe the temple’s customs and traditions, as it is an active place of worship.
The best time to visit is during the annual festival, known as the Ettumanoor Ezhara Ponnana, which takes place in the Malayalam month of Kumbham (February-March). The festival is a grand celebration featuring rituals, processions, and cultural performances, offering a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of Kerala.
Conclusion
The Crown Jewel of Kerala Murals at Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple is not just a work of art; it is a spiritual and cultural treasure that embodies the essence of Kerala’s artistic tradition. The mural’s exquisite craftsmanship, profound symbolism, and enduring beauty make it a masterpiece that continues to inspire awe and reverence. For art lovers, historians, and spiritual seekers, the Ananda Tandava mural is a must-see, offering a glimpse into the divine artistry that flourished in ancient Kerala.
