Introduction
Nestled in the Barpeta district of Assam, the quaint town of Sarthebari is a hidden gem known for its illustrious bell metal craft. This traditional craft, which has been passed down through generations, is not only a testament to the region’s rich cultural heritage but also a symbol of the artisans’ unparalleled skill and dedication.
A Glimpse into Sarthebari’s History
The history of bell metal craft in Sarthebari dates back several centuries. It is believed that the craft was introduced to Assam by artisans from the Mughal court, who settled in the region and began creating intricate metalware. Over time, the craft evolved, incorporating local techniques and designs, and became a distinctive hallmark of Sarthebari.
The Art of Bell Metal Craft
Bell metal, an alloy of copper and tin, is known for its sonorous quality and durability. The process of creating bell metal items is labor-intensive and requires a high degree of precision and expertise. The artisans of Sarthebari, known as ‘Kahar’ or ‘Orja’, have perfected this art through years of practice.
- Raw Material Preparation: The process begins with the procurement of raw materials. Copper and tin are melted together in a furnace to create the bell metal alloy. The ratio of copper to tin is crucial, as it determines the final quality of the product.
- Casting and Shaping: Once the alloy is ready, it is poured into molds to form the basic shape of the item. The molds are made from a mixture of clay and rice husk, which gives them the required strength and flexibility. After cooling, the cast items are removed and further shaped using hammers and chisels.
- Design and Decoration: The shaped items are then intricately designed and decorated. Traditional motifs, floral patterns, and geometric shapes are etched onto the surface. This step requires a steady hand and a keen eye for detail, as even the smallest mistake can ruin the entire piece.
- Polishing and Finishing: The final step involves polishing and finishing the items to give them a smooth and shiny appearance. The polished items are then ready to be sold or used in various rituals and ceremonies.
The Diverse Range of Bell Metal Products
Sarthebari’s artisans produce a wide variety of bell metal items, each showcasing their exceptional craftsmanship:
- Utensils: Bell metal utensils such as plates, bowls, and cups are highly valued for their durability and aesthetic appeal. They are often used during special occasions and religious ceremonies.
- Decorative Items: Intricately designed decorative items, including vases, lamps, and figurines, are popular among collectors and art enthusiasts.
- Ritual Objects: Bell metal is an integral part of Assamese rituals and ceremonies. Items like ‘sarai’ (ritual tray), ‘bota’ (offering bowl), and ‘kanhi’ (ritual spoon) are commonly used in temples and during festivals.
The Cultural Significance
Bell metal craft is not just a means of livelihood for the artisans of Sarthebari; it is an intrinsic part of their cultural identity. The craft is deeply intertwined with the social and religious fabric of the region. Bell metal items are considered auspicious and are often used in religious rituals and ceremonies. They are also an integral part of Assamese weddings, where they are given as gifts to the bride and groom.
Challenges and the Road Ahead
Despite its rich heritage, the bell metal craft of Sarthebari faces several challenges. The rising cost of raw materials, lack of modern tools and technology, and dwindling interest among the younger generation are some of the issues threatening the survival of this traditional craft.
However, efforts are being made to revive and promote the craft. Government initiatives, along with support from various NGOs and cultural organizations, are helping to provide better infrastructure, training, and market access to the artisans. Additionally, there is a growing appreciation for handmade and sustainable products, which is creating new opportunities for the artisans of Sarthebari.
Conclusion
Sarthebari’s bell metal craft is a shining example of Assam’s rich cultural heritage and the artisans’ unwavering dedication to their art. As we continue to celebrate and support this traditional craft, we ensure that the legacy of Sarthebari’s bell metal artisans lives on, inspiring future generations and enriching our cultural tapestry.
By recognizing and valuing the skill and artistry involved in bell metal craft, we can help preserve this unique tradition for years to come.
