Introduction
The Periya Puranam, also known as the Thiruthondar Puranam, is one of the most celebrated texts in Tamil literature and a cornerstone of Saiva tradition. Authored by Sekkizhar in the 12th century, this epic poem narrates the divine lives of 63 Nayanmars, ardent devotees of Lord Shiva. The work is an essential part of the Saiva canon, and its poetic grandeur and spiritual depth have earned it an exalted place in the religious and cultural history of Tamil Nadu.
The Genesis of Periya Puranam
Sekkizhar, a devout scholar and a minister in the court of Chola king Kulothunga Chola II, was deeply inspired by the stories of the Nayanmars. Concerned by the growing influence of Jainism and Buddhism in his time, Sekkizhar sought to revive the glory of Saivism through the immortalization of the Nayanmars’ devotion. Commissioned by Kulothunga Chola II, Sekkizhar composed the Periya Puranam, compiling the legends of the Nayanmars from various oral traditions and earlier texts.
Structure and Content
The Periya Puranam consists of 4286 stanzas and is divided into twelve chapters. Each chapter is dedicated to the life story of a specific Nayanmar, chronicling their unwavering faith, miraculous deeds, and ultimate union with Lord Shiva. The text vividly portrays the spiritual journeys of these saints, highlighting their diverse backgrounds, from kings and warriors to humble farmers and potters.
Key Themes and Stories
- Thirugnana Sambandar: A child prodigy and a poet-saint, Sambandar’s divine hymns are believed to have cured diseases, revived the dead, and performed numerous miracles. His life exemplifies the power of pure devotion and the grace of Lord Shiva.
- Appar (Thirunavukkarasar): Known for his relentless service to Shiva temples, Appar’s life story is a testament to his perseverance and devotion. His conversion from Jainism to Saivism and his subsequent spiritual journey inspire countless devotees.
- Sundarar: A royal poet with a unique blend of devotion and romance, Sundarar’s compositions reflect his deep personal bond with Lord Shiva. His life is marked by divine interventions and miraculous occurrences that reinforce his unwavering faith.
- Manikkavacakar: Though not one of the 63 Nayanmars, his inclusion in the narrative is significant due to his profound contributions to Tamil Saivism through his poetic works, especially the Thiruvasagam.
- Kannappa Nayanar: The story of Kannappa, a tribal hunter who offered his own eyes to Lord Shiva, showcases the intensity of his devotion. His tale emphasizes that true devotion transcends ritualistic practices.
Significance of Periya Puranam
The Periya Puranam is not just a collection of biographies; it is a spiritual treatise that encapsulates the essence of Saivism. Its significance lies in several aspects:
- Cultural Revival: The text played a pivotal role in the resurgence of Saivism in Tamil Nadu, countering the influence of other religious traditions and reinforcing the cultural identity of the Tamil people.
- Literary Excellence: Sekkizhar’s poetic craftsmanship is evident in the intricate verses and the emotive narrative style. The Periya Puranam is celebrated for its literary merit and its contribution to Tamil devotional literature.
- Spiritual Inspiration: The lives of the Nayanmars serve as timeless examples of devotion, sacrifice, and divine love. Their stories continue to inspire and guide devotees in their spiritual journeys.
- Historical Record: The text provides valuable insights into the social, cultural, and religious milieu of the period, offering a glimpse into the lives of the saints and the times they lived in.
Legacy and Influence
The Periya Puranam’s impact extends beyond religious boundaries. It has been a source of inspiration for various art forms, including music, dance, and drama. The stories of the Nayanmars have been depicted in countless classical performances, temple festivals, and folk traditions, ensuring that their legacy remains alive in the hearts of the people.
In conclusion, the Periya Puranam stands as a monumental work in Tamil literature and Saiva tradition. Sekkizhar’s magnum opus not only celebrates the devotion of the 63 Nayanmars but also serves as a beacon of spiritual enlightenment for generations to come. Its timeless tales of faith, sacrifice, and divine love continue to resonate, reaffirming the profound connection between the devotee and the divine in the tapestry of Tamil culture.
